#include <AH/Hardware/ExtendedInputOutput/MAX7219.hpp>

Detailed Description

template<uint8_t NumChips = 1, class SPIDriver = decltype(SPI) &>
class MAX7219< NumChips, SPIDriver >

A class for LED outputs using the MAX7219 LED display driver.

The SPI interface is used.

Wiring

SPI MOSI: MAX7219 DIN (1)
SPI SCK: MAX7219 CLK (13)
Any GPIO pin: MAX7219 LOAD/C̄S̄ (12)

Template Parameters

NumChips	The number of daisy-chained MAX7219 chips.
SPIDriver	The SPI class to use. Usually, the default is fine.

Examples: 1.MAX7219-Blink.ino.

Definition at line 30 of file MAX7219.hpp.

Inheritance diagram for MAX7219< NumChips, SPIDriver >:

Collaboration diagram for MAX7219< NumChips, SPIDriver >:

Enabling and disabling updatables
void	enable ()
	Enable this updatable: insert it into the linked list of instances, so it gets updated automatically. More...

void	disable ()
	Disable this updatable: remove it from the linked list of instances, so it no longer gets updated automatically. More...

bool	isEnabled () const
	Check if this updatable is enabled. More...

void	moveDown ()
	Move down this element in the list. More...

static void	enable (UpdatableCRTP *element)
	Enable this updatable: insert it into the linked list of instances, so it gets updated automatically. More...

static void	enable (UpdatableCRTP &element)
	Enable this updatable: insert it into the linked list of instances, so it gets updated automatically. More...

static void	enable (U(&array)[N])
	Enable this updatable: insert it into the linked list of instances, so it gets updated automatically. More...

static void	disable (UpdatableCRTP *element)
	Disable this updatable: remove it from the linked list of instances, so it no longer gets updated automatically. More...

static void	disable (UpdatableCRTP &element)
	Disable this updatable: remove it from the linked list of instances, so it no longer gets updated automatically. More...

static void	disable (U(&array)[N])
	Disable this updatable: remove it from the linked list of instances, so it no longer gets updated automatically. More...

Classes
struct	IndexMask

Public Member Functions
	MAX7219 (SPIDriver spi, pin_t loadPin)
	Create a MAX7219 ExtendedIOElement. More...

void	begin () override
	Initialize. More...

void	pinMode (pin_t pin, PinMode_t mode) override __attribute__((deprecated))
	The pinMode function is not implemented because the mode is `OUTPUT` by definition. More...

void	pinModeBuffered (pin_t pin, PinMode_t mode) override __attribute__((deprecated))
	The pinMode function is not implemented because the mode is `OUTPUT` by definition. More...

void	digitalWrite (pin_t pin, PinStatus_t val) override
	Set the state of a given output pin. More...

void	digitalWriteBuffered (pin_t pin, PinStatus_t val) override
	Set the state of a given pin in the software buffer. More...

PinStatus_t	digitalRead (pin_t pin) override
	Get the current state of a given output. More...

PinStatus_t	digitalReadBuffered (pin_t pin) override
	Get the current state of a given output. More...

analog_t	analogRead (pin_t pin) override __attribute__((deprecated))
	The analogRead function is deprecated because a MAX7219 is always digital. More...

analog_t	analogReadBuffered (pin_t pin) override __attribute__((deprecated))
	The analogRead function is deprecated because a MAX7219 is always digital. More...

void	analogWrite (pin_t pin, analog_t val) override __attribute__((deprecated))
	The analogWrite function is deprecated because a MAX7219 is always digital. More...

void	analogWriteBuffered (pin_t pin, analog_t val) override __attribute__((deprecated))
	The analogWrite function is deprecated because a MAX7219 is always digital. More...

void	updateBufferedOutputRow (IndexMask i)

void	updateBufferedOutputs () override
	Write the internal state to the physical outputs. More...

void	updateBufferedInputs () override
	Read the physical state into the input buffers. More...

void	clear ()
	Turn off all LEDs. More...

void	send (uint8_t digit, uint8_t value, uint8_t chip=0)
	Send the value to the given digit or row. More...

void	sendRowAll (uint8_t digit, const uint8_t *values, uint8_t leading_dim=1)
	Send values to the given digit or row, sending a different value for each chip. More...

void	sendAll (const uint8_t *values)
	Send different values to all digits/rows of all chips. More...

void	sendRawAll (uint8_t opcode, uint8_t value)
	Send the same raw opcode and value to all chips in the chain. More...

void	sendRaw (uint8_t opcode, uint8_t value, uint8_t chip=0)
	Send a raw opcode and value to the given MAX7219. More...

void	setIntensity (uint8_t intensity)
	Set the intensity of the LEDs of all chips. More...

void	setIntensity (uint8_t intensity, uint8_t chip)
	Set the intensity of the LEDs of a specific chip. More...

uint8_t	getChainLength () const
	Get the number of daisy-chained chips. More...

Array< pin_t, N >	pins () const
	Get an array containing all pins of the element. More...

pin_t	pin (pin_t pin) const
	Get the extended IO pin number of a given physical pin of this extended IO element. More...

pin_t	operator[] (pin_t pin) const
	Get the extended IO pin number of a given physical pin of this extended IO element. More...

pin_t	getLength () const
	Get the number of pins this IO element has. More...

pin_t	getEnd () const
	Get the largest global extended IO pin number that belongs to this extended IO element. More...

pin_t	getStart () const
	Get the smallest global extended IO pin number that belongs to this extended IO element. More...

Static Public Member Functions
static constexpr uint16_t	length ()

static void	beginAll ()
	Initialize all extended IO elements. More...

static void	updateAllBufferedOutputs ()
	Write the internal states to the physical outputs for all extended IO elements. More...

static void	updateAllBufferedInputs ()
	Read the physical state into the input buffers for all extended IO elements. More...

static DoublyLinkedList< ExtendedIOElement > &	getAll ()
	Get the list of all Extended IO elements. More...

Public Attributes
SPISettings	settings

Static Public Attributes
static constexpr uint8_t	DECODEMODE

static constexpr uint8_t	INTENSITY

static constexpr uint8_t	SCANLIMIT

static constexpr uint8_t	SHUTDOWN

static constexpr uint8_t	DISPLAYTEST

Protected Attributes
ExtendedIOElement *	next

ExtendedIOElement *	previous

Static Protected Attributes
static DoublyLinkedList< ExtendedIOElement >	updatables

Static Private Member Functions
static IndexMask	pin2index (pin_t pin)

Private Attributes
Array< uint8_t, 8 *NumChips >	buffer

uint8_t	dirty_rows = 0xFF

decltype(SPI) &	spi

pin_t	loadPin

uint8_t	chainlength

const pin_t	start

const pin_t	end

Static Private Attributes
static pin_t	offset = NUM_DIGITAL_PINS + NUM_ANALOG_INPUTS

Constructor & Destructor Documentation

◆ MAX7219()

MAX7219	(	SPIDriver	spi,
		pin_t	loadPin
	)

inline

Create a MAX7219 ExtendedIOElement.

Parameters

spi	The SPI interface to use.
loadPin	The pin connected to the load pin (C̄S̄) of the MAX7219.

Definition at line 41 of file MAX7219.hpp.

Member Function Documentation

◆ begin()

void begin ( )

inlineoverridevirtual

Initialize.

See also: MAX7219::begin

Implements ExtendedIOElement.

Definition at line 47 of file MAX7219.hpp.

◆ pin2index()

static IndexMask pin2index ( pin_t pin )

inlinestaticprivate

Definition at line 58 of file MAX7219.hpp.

◆ pinMode()

void pinMode	(	pin_t	pin,
		PinMode_t	mode
	)

inlineoverridevirtual

The pinMode function is not implemented because the mode is OUTPUT by definition.

Reimplemented from ExtendedIOElement.

Definition at line 72 of file MAX7219.hpp.

◆ pinModeBuffered()

void pinModeBuffered	(	pin_t	pin,
		PinMode_t	mode
	)

inlineoverridevirtual

The pinMode function is not implemented because the mode is OUTPUT by definition.

Implements ExtendedIOElement.

Definition at line 81 of file MAX7219.hpp.

◆ digitalWrite()

void digitalWrite	(	pin_t	pin,
		PinStatus_t	val
	)

inlineoverridevirtual

Set the state of a given output pin.

Parameters

pin	The output pin to set.
val	The value to set the output to. (Either `HIGH` (1) or `LOW` (0))

Reimplemented from ExtendedIOElement.

Definition at line 96 of file MAX7219.hpp.

◆ digitalWriteBuffered()

void digitalWriteBuffered	(	pin_t	pin,
		PinStatus_t	val
	)

inlineoverridevirtual

Set the state of a given pin in the software buffer.

The buffer is written to the MAX7219 when updateBufferedOutputs is called.

Parameters

pin	The output pin to set.
val	The value to set the output to. (Either `HIGH` (1) or `LOW` (0))

Implements ExtendedIOElement.

Definition at line 109 of file MAX7219.hpp.

◆ digitalRead()

PinStatus_t digitalRead ( pin_t pin )

inlineoverridevirtual

Get the current state of a given output.

Parameters

pin	The output to read the state from.

Return values

0	The state of the output is `LOW`.
1	The state of the output is `HIGH`.

Reimplemented from ExtendedIOElement.

Definition at line 126 of file MAX7219.hpp.

◆ digitalReadBuffered()

PinStatus_t digitalReadBuffered ( pin_t pin )

inlineoverridevirtual

Get the current state of a given output.

Parameters

pin	The output to read the state from.

Return values

0	The state of the output is `LOW`.
1	The state of the output is `HIGH`.

Implements ExtendedIOElement.

Definition at line 134 of file MAX7219.hpp.

◆ analogRead()

analog_t analogRead ( pin_t pin )

inlineoverridevirtual

The analogRead function is deprecated because a MAX7219 is always digital.

Parameters

pin	The output to read the state from.

Return values

0	The state of the output is `LOW`.
1023	The state of the output is `HIGH`.

Reimplemented from ExtendedIOElement.

Definition at line 149 of file MAX7219.hpp.

◆ analogReadBuffered()

analog_t analogReadBuffered ( pin_t pin )

inlineoverridevirtual

The analogRead function is deprecated because a MAX7219 is always digital.

Parameters

pin	The output to read the state from.

Return values

0	The state of the output is `LOW`.
1023	The state of the output is `HIGH`.

Implements ExtendedIOElement.

Definition at line 156 of file MAX7219.hpp.

◆ analogWrite()

void analogWrite	(	pin_t	pin,
		analog_t	val
	)

inlineoverridevirtual

The analogWrite function is deprecated because a MAX7219 is always digital.

Parameters

pin	The output to set.
val	The value to set the output to. A value greater or equal to 0x80 will set the output to a `HIGH` state, a value less than 0x80 will set the output to a `LOW` state.

Note: This function is just implemented for compatibility. Don't use it in new code.

Reimplemented from ExtendedIOElement.

Definition at line 174 of file MAX7219.hpp.

◆ analogWriteBuffered()

void analogWriteBuffered	(	pin_t	pin,
		analog_t	val
	)

inlineoverridevirtual

The analogWrite function is deprecated because a MAX7219 is always digital.

Parameters

pin	The output to set.
val	The value to set the output to. A value greater or equal to 0x80 will set the output to a `HIGH` state, a value less than 0x80 will set the output to a `LOW` state.

Note: This function is just implemented for compatibility. Don't use it in new code.

Implements ExtendedIOElement.

Definition at line 182 of file MAX7219.hpp.

◆ updateBufferedOutputRow()

void updateBufferedOutputRow ( IndexMask i )

inline

Definition at line 187 of file MAX7219.hpp.

◆ updateBufferedOutputs()

void updateBufferedOutputs ( )

inlineoverridevirtual

Write the internal state to the physical outputs.

Implements ExtendedIOElement.

Definition at line 192 of file MAX7219.hpp.

◆ updateBufferedInputs()

void updateBufferedInputs ( )

inlineoverridevirtual

Read the physical state into the input buffers.

Implements ExtendedIOElement.

Definition at line 204 of file MAX7219.hpp.

◆ clear()

void clear ( )

inlineinherited

Turn off all LEDs.

Definition at line 62 of file MAX7219_Base.hpp.

◆ send()

void send	(	uint8_t	digit,
		uint8_t	value,
		uint8_t	chip = `0`
	)

inlineinherited

Send the value to the given digit or row.

Parameters

digit	The digit or row to set [0, 7].
value	The value to set the row to.
chip	The chip to send the digit to.

Definition at line 77 of file MAX7219_Base.hpp.

◆ sendRowAll()

void sendRowAll	(	uint8_t	digit,
		const uint8_t *	values,
		uint8_t	leading_dim = `1`
	)

inlineinherited

Send values to the given digit or row, sending a different value for each chip.

The array is often a matrix containing the values for all rows of all chips in this chain. In that case, the leading dimension is 8, because each chip has 8 rows.

[0] chip 0, row 0  ┐
[1] chip 0, row 1  │
[ ] ...            │ 8 elements between two chips
[7] chip 0, row 7  │
[8] chip 1, row 0  ┘
[9] chip 1, row 1
[ ] ...

If you just want to specify a single row for all chips, the leading dimension of the array is 1.

[0] chip 0, row 0  ┐
[1] chip 1, row 0  ┘ 1 element between two chips
[2] chip 2, row 0
[ ] ...

Parameters

digit	The digit or row to set [0, 7].
values	The array of values to send.
leading_dim	The leading dimension of the array of values.

Definition at line 112 of file MAX7219_Base.hpp.

◆ sendAll()

void sendAll ( const uint8_t * values )

inlineinherited

Send different values to all digits/rows of all chips.

The array layout should be as follows:

[0] chip 0, row 0  ┐
[1] chip 0, row 1  │
[ ] ...            │ 8 elements between two chips
[7] chip 0, row 7  │
[8] chip 1, row 0  ┘
[9] chip 1, row 1
[ ] ...

The array has 8 * chainlength elements in total.

Parameters

values The array of values to send.

Definition at line 143 of file MAX7219_Base.hpp.

◆ sendRawAll()

void sendRawAll	(	uint8_t	opcode,
		uint8_t	value
	)

inlineinherited

Send the same raw opcode and value to all chips in the chain.

Parameters

opcode	The opcode to send.
value	The value to send.

Definition at line 156 of file MAX7219_Base.hpp.

◆ sendRaw()

void sendRaw	(	uint8_t	opcode,
		uint8_t	value,
		uint8_t	chip = `0`
	)

inlineinherited

Send a raw opcode and value to the given MAX7219.

Parameters

opcode	The opcode to send.
value	The value to send.
chip	The chip to send the command to.

Definition at line 177 of file MAX7219_Base.hpp.

◆ setIntensity() [1/2]

void setIntensity ( uint8_t intensity )

inlineinherited

Set the intensity of the LEDs of all chips.

Parameters

intensity The intensity [0, 15].

Definition at line 203 of file MAX7219_Base.hpp.

◆ setIntensity() [2/2]

void setIntensity	(	uint8_t	intensity,
		uint8_t	chip
	)

inlineinherited

Set the intensity of the LEDs of a specific chip.

Parameters

intensity	The intensity [0, 15].
chip	The chip to set the intensity of.

Definition at line 215 of file MAX7219_Base.hpp.

◆ getChainLength()

uint8_t getChainLength ( ) const

inlineinherited

Get the number of daisy-chained chips.

Definition at line 222 of file MAX7219_Base.hpp.

◆ pins()

Array< pin_t, N > pins ( ) const

inlineinherited

Get an array containing all pins of the element.

Definition at line 24 of file StaticSizeExtendedIOElement.hpp.

◆ length()

static constexpr uint16_t length ( )

inlinestaticconstexprinherited

Definition at line 28 of file StaticSizeExtendedIOElement.hpp.

◆ beginAll()

void beginAll ( )

staticinherited

Initialize all extended IO elements.

Definition at line 17 of file ExtendedIOElement.cpp.

◆ updateAllBufferedOutputs()

void updateAllBufferedOutputs ( )

staticinherited

Write the internal states to the physical outputs for all extended IO elements.

Definition at line 21 of file ExtendedIOElement.cpp.

◆ updateAllBufferedInputs()

void updateAllBufferedInputs ( )

staticinherited

Read the physical state into the input buffers for all extended IO elements.

Definition at line 25 of file ExtendedIOElement.cpp.

◆ pin()

pin_t pin ( pin_t pin ) const

inherited

Get the extended IO pin number of a given physical pin of this extended IO element.

Parameters

pin	The zero-based physical pin number of this IO element.

Returns: The global, unique extended IO pin number for the given pin.

Examples: 1.MAX7219-Blink.ino, 1.SPI-Blink.ino, and 2.BitBang-Blink.ino.

Definition at line 29 of file ExtendedIOElement.cpp.

◆ operator[]()

pin_t operator[] ( pin_t pin ) const

inherited

Get the extended IO pin number of a given physical pin of this extended IO element.

It is alias for ExtendedIOElement::pin.

Parameters

pin	The zero-based physical pin number of this IO element.

Returns: The global, unique extended IO pin number for the given pin.

Definition at line 44 of file ExtendedIOElement.cpp.

◆ getLength()

pin_t getLength ( ) const

inherited

Get the number of pins this IO element has.

Returns: The number of pins this IO element has.

Definition at line 46 of file ExtendedIOElement.cpp.

◆ getEnd()

pin_t getEnd ( ) const

inherited

Get the largest global extended IO pin number that belongs to this extended IO element.

Definition at line 48 of file ExtendedIOElement.cpp.

◆ getStart()

pin_t getStart ( ) const

inherited

Get the smallest global extended IO pin number that belongs to this extended IO element.

Definition at line 50 of file ExtendedIOElement.cpp.

◆ getAll()

DoublyLinkedList< ExtendedIOElement > & getAll ( )

staticinherited

Get the list of all Extended IO elements.

Definition at line 52 of file ExtendedIOElement.cpp.

◆ enable() [1/4]

void enable ( )

inlineinherited

Enable this updatable: insert it into the linked list of instances, so it gets updated automatically.

Definition at line 96 of file Updatable.hpp.

◆ enable() [2/4]

static void enable ( UpdatableCRTP< ExtendedIOElement > * element )

inlinestaticinherited

Enable this updatable: insert it into the linked list of instances, so it gets updated automatically.

Definition at line 125 of file Updatable.hpp.

◆ enable() [3/4]

static void enable ( UpdatableCRTP< ExtendedIOElement > & element )

inlinestaticinherited

Enable this updatable: insert it into the linked list of instances, so it gets updated automatically.

Definition at line 127 of file Updatable.hpp.

◆ enable() [4/4]

static void enable ( U(&) array[N] )

inlinestaticinherited

Enable this updatable: insert it into the linked list of instances, so it gets updated automatically.

Definition at line 130 of file Updatable.hpp.

◆ disable() [1/4]

void disable ( )

inlineinherited

Disable this updatable: remove it from the linked list of instances, so it no longer gets updated automatically.

Definition at line 106 of file Updatable.hpp.

◆ disable() [2/4]

static void disable ( UpdatableCRTP< ExtendedIOElement > * element )

inlinestaticinherited

Disable this updatable: remove it from the linked list of instances, so it no longer gets updated automatically.

Definition at line 136 of file Updatable.hpp.

◆ disable() [3/4]

static void disable ( UpdatableCRTP< ExtendedIOElement > & element )

inlinestaticinherited

Disable this updatable: remove it from the linked list of instances, so it no longer gets updated automatically.

Definition at line 138 of file Updatable.hpp.

◆ disable() [4/4]

static void disable ( U(&) array[N] )

inlinestaticinherited

Disable this updatable: remove it from the linked list of instances, so it no longer gets updated automatically.

Definition at line 141 of file Updatable.hpp.

◆ isEnabled()

bool isEnabled ( ) const

inlineinherited

Check if this updatable is enabled.

Note: Assumes that the updatable is not added to a different linked list by the user.

Definition at line 120 of file Updatable.hpp.

◆ moveDown()

void moveDown ( )

inlineinherited

Move down this element in the list.

Definition at line 147 of file Updatable.hpp.

Member Data Documentation

◆ buffer

Array<uint8_t, 8 * NumChips> buffer

private

Definition at line 207 of file MAX7219.hpp.

◆ dirty_rows

uint8_t dirty_rows = 0xFF

private

Definition at line 208 of file MAX7219.hpp.

◆ DECODEMODE

constexpr uint8_t DECODEMODE

staticconstexprinherited

Definition at line 38 of file MAX7219_Base.hpp.

◆ INTENSITY

constexpr uint8_t INTENSITY

staticconstexprinherited

Definition at line 39 of file MAX7219_Base.hpp.

◆ SCANLIMIT

constexpr uint8_t SCANLIMIT

staticconstexprinherited

Definition at line 40 of file MAX7219_Base.hpp.

◆ SHUTDOWN

constexpr uint8_t SHUTDOWN

staticconstexprinherited

Definition at line 41 of file MAX7219_Base.hpp.

◆ DISPLAYTEST

constexpr uint8_t DISPLAYTEST

staticconstexprinherited

Definition at line 42 of file MAX7219_Base.hpp.

◆ spi

decltype(SPI) & spi

privateinherited

Definition at line 225 of file MAX7219_Base.hpp.

◆ loadPin

pin_t loadPin

privateinherited

Definition at line 226 of file MAX7219_Base.hpp.

◆ chainlength

uint8_t chainlength

privateinherited

Definition at line 227 of file MAX7219_Base.hpp.

◆ settings

SPISettings settings

inherited

Definition at line 230 of file MAX7219_Base.hpp.

◆ start

const pin_t start

privateinherited

Definition at line 267 of file ExtendedIOElement.hpp.

◆ end

const pin_t end

privateinherited

Definition at line 268 of file ExtendedIOElement.hpp.

◆ offset

pin_t offset = NUM_DIGITAL_PINS + NUM_ANALOG_INPUTS

staticprivateinherited

Definition at line 269 of file ExtendedIOElement.hpp.

◆ updatables

DoublyLinkedList< ExtendedIOElement > updatables

staticprotectedinherited

Definition at line 152 of file Updatable.hpp.

◆ next

ExtendedIOElement * next

protectedinherited

Definition at line 320 of file LinkedList.hpp.

◆ previous

ExtendedIOElement * previous

protectedinherited

Definition at line 321 of file LinkedList.hpp.

The documentation for this class was generated from the following file:

MAX7219.hpp

Detailed Description

Enabling and disabling updatables

Classes

Public Member Functions

Static Public Member Functions

Public Attributes

Static Public Attributes

Protected Attributes

Static Protected Attributes

Static Private Member Functions

Private Attributes

Static Private Attributes

Constructor & Destructor Documentation

◆ MAX7219()

Member Function Documentation

◆ begin()

◆ pin2index()

◆ pinMode()

◆ pinModeBuffered()

◆ digitalWrite()

◆ digitalWriteBuffered()

◆ digitalRead()

◆ digitalReadBuffered()

◆ analogRead()

◆ analogReadBuffered()

◆ analogWrite()

◆ analogWriteBuffered()

◆ updateBufferedOutputRow()

◆ updateBufferedOutputs()

◆ updateBufferedInputs()

◆ clear()

◆ send()

◆ sendRowAll()

◆ sendAll()

◆ sendRawAll()

◆ sendRaw()

◆ setIntensity() [1/2]

◆ setIntensity() [2/2]

◆ getChainLength()

◆ pins()

◆ length()

◆ beginAll()

◆ updateAllBufferedOutputs()

◆ updateAllBufferedInputs()

◆ pin()

◆ operator[]()

◆ getLength()

◆ getEnd()

◆ getStart()

◆ getAll()

◆ enable() [1/4]

◆ enable() [2/4]

◆ enable() [3/4]

◆ enable() [4/4]

◆ disable() [1/4]

◆ disable() [2/4]

◆ disable() [3/4]

◆ disable() [4/4]

◆ isEnabled()

◆ moveDown()

Member Data Documentation

◆ buffer

◆ dirty_rows

◆ DECODEMODE

◆ INTENSITY

◆ SCANLIMIT

◆ SHUTDOWN

◆ DISPLAYTEST

◆ spi

◆ loadPin

◆ chainlength

◆ settings

◆ start

◆ end

◆ offset

◆ updatables

◆ next

◆ previous